The Great Depression During World War I - 1943 Words

The 1920’s in American history, characterized by its social, artistic and cultural vitality, and is known as the roaring twenties. The U.S. economy was the largest industrial in the world, thus it provided significant help to European nations that experienced debt after World War I. Throughout this prosperous era, many rich Americans made large profits from businesses that they owned. A majority of Americans started to spend more money than they earned which would inevitably lead to major problems in the future. On October 29, 1929, which is known as Black Tuesday, the stock market crashed. The Great Depression began and proved to be a worldwide phenomenon. Domestically as well as internationally, the dramatic effects of the depression worked as a domino effect as all banks and other businesses fell almost instantaneously. Through the use of these two documents which are being used from Shi and Mayer, For the Record; â€Å"Two Views of the Great Depression†, and †Å"Letters to the Roosevelt’s this paper will address and assess the effects of the depression from eyes of the everyday American who experienced this depression first hand. Throughout the 1800’s the nation was a rural, agrarian society, isolated from the rest of the world since the days of independence.[1] Industrialization was never a major concern at this time. During the next century the way people started to think changed drastically. After World War I the economy around the world plummeted. ImmediatelyShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression During World War I Essay2238 Words   |  9 PagesAfter the Great War (1914-1919) came the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† followed by the Great Depression (1929-1939). After World War I America experienced the greatest economic growth in its history. Its economic expansion was due to how undamaged it was after the war. It became the richest country in the world at that time. The people enjoyed life as it were back then until the US experienced the largest economic downturn in history when the Stock Market crashed on 29th October 1929. It began in the summerRead MoreThe Great Depression During Wo rld War I And Industry1354 Words   |  6 Pages The great depression was an economic recession in America that spanned between the years of 1929-1939. Although this was sparked by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, there were several long term causes, most prominently, the decline of both the agricultural industry post World War I and industry. After the end of the first World War, food demand decreased 40% internationally, leading to a decrease in farmers’ profits. To compensate for this, farmers expanded and overplanted their farmsRead MoreThe Great Depression1148 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Great Depression The major causes of the Great Depression in the United States all began with the expansion of the US economy as a result of World War I during the 1920s. A bubble formed in the United States Stock Market as a result of speculative trading due to the ease of buying and selling stock with new ticker tape technology as well as telephone lines that allowed for market transactions from all over the country. The Stock Market crashed on what is known as Black Tuesday, October 29,Read MoreLife At Home During World War I1443 Words   |  6 PagesLife at Home during World War I and World War II Introduction During World War I and World War II life back home changed excessively. Families were experiencing drastic changes as the absence of men affected not only families but the economy as well. When the soldiers went to fight in World War 1 and World War 2, women and children had to replace men in the workforce. There was an increase in those affected by the trauma of the wars, and the birth-rate had dropped during this time. FamilyRead MoreWorld War II And The Great Depression1658 Words   |  7 Pages The highly numbered risks of war have rigorous effects on societies around the world. World War II had positive and negative effects during and after the war. After the war, the formation of the United Nations helped negotiate and maintain peace, and during the war more jobs helped get the United States out of its biggest economic crisis, the Great Depression. Although, some economists argue that by creating more jobs during World War II, put America into even more debt than the country was alreadyRead MoreCulture during the 20s-40s: Great Gatsby1365 Words   |  6 Pagesthat music, dance and fashion have a great affect on society and culture. Iconic artists and performers, and particular events during these decades influenced many rebellious outbreaks going against societal norms. The â€Å"Roaring 20s† (1920-30), had a major impact on adolescent behavior in America, starting in New Orleans, mov ing into Chicago and later, New York City. Throughout the 1930s-1940s a new adolescent culture emerged, influenced by early upheavals during the 1920s. The twenties were yearsRead MoreThe Great Depression And The Beginning Of World War II1663 Words   |  7 PagesAt the end of World War II, about seventy-two million people died. As tragic as this fact sounds, peace was still kept during and after the war. After the war, the formation of the United Nations helped negotiate and maintain peace, and during the war more jobs helped get the United States out of its biggest economic crisis, the Great Depression. Although, some economists argue that by creating more jobs during World War II, put America into even more debt than the country was already in. StandardsRead MoreThe Global Effects of Imperialism, World War I and the Great Depression1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe Global Effects of Imperialism, World War I and the Great Depression Bentley first talked about cross-cultural interactions as a way to categorize the World’s history. He in addition wrote aboutRead MoreWorld War One s Impact On American Economics1589 Words   |  7 Pages World War 1’s Impact on American Economics By Chris Danielson History 104, Fall 2015 University of North Dakota As a student studying business, I like to look at significant events in US history and the impact they had on business in America. In addition to business, I have always been interested in wars and America’s involvement in those wars. When we started discussing World War 1 in class, it peaked my interest. Not only did we discuss the war, but we also looked at the impact it had on AmericanRead MoreAmerican Foreign Policy After The Great Depression1390 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican foreign policy completely shifted from the Isolationism to Interventionism for valid reasons. First the economic and socially challenging home front crisis of the Great Depression kept American citizens and politicians busy with domestic policy. Additionally the disillusionment of people with WWI caused America to avoid war at all costs. However, the rising threat of fascism in Europe forced America to defend democracy and help its allies. The first shift was seen when foreign policy in the

Jean Piaget (1896-1980) Was A Cognitive Constructivist

Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a cognitive constructivist born in Neuchatel, Switzerland. He played a huge role in how we view child development and how we can apply it to teaching in our classrooms. A set of cognitive developmental stages were developed by Piaget to explain how, when and where a child’s development takes place. Cognitive development is crucial, if a child does not develop cognitively then he or she would not be able to reason, interpret, speak, think, understand, remember etc. However, it is important to remember that cognitive development happens over time and that it cannot be forced onto a child. Piaget believed that human beings build ‘schemes’ (actions or action patterns that deal with the environment) that allow us to†¦show more content†¦An infant’s scheme, during this stage, is limited to what he or she can explore through their senses. This stage is called the sensori-motor stage. It is also divided into sub-stages such as reflexes(an action or movement performed without conscious thought as a response to the stimuli), primary circular reactions(exploring the environment by repeating a pleasurable action centred around his or hers own body, such as sucking their thumb), secondary circular reactions(an intentional act is acted out with an object outside of his or body in order to receive a response from the external environment), coordinated secondary scheme(the infants actions become more goal specific in order to overcome obstacles), tertiary circular reactions(when an infant would start experimenting with different actions in order for them to observe what the different possible outcomes would be), symbolic thought(the infant would use an object to try and recreate a moment or event of the past), imitation(children will start their exploration of their environment and will often copy or follow someone or something) and object permanence(an important ability needed to be able to construct a mental representation. An understanding that objects exist in the environment whether they are able to see them or not and is acquired gradually over a period of time. However, object permanence is not fully mastered before the age of 18months). TheShow MoreRelatedWgu Fht Task 11675 Words   |  7 PagesGovernors University Student ID 259630 FHT4 - Task 1 Cognitive Development refers to the construction of the thought process that includes problem solving, remembering and the ability to make decisions, from childhood up to the adulthood stage. Cognitive/Intellectual Development is the ability to learn, reason, and analyze the fact that a process begins from infancy and progresses as the individual (Educational Psychology). Cognitive Development contains events that are logical, like thinkingRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Psychology956 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget (1896-1980) was one of the most influential researchers in the area of developmental psychology during the 20th century. Piaget originally trained in the areas of biology and philosophy and considered himself a genetic epistemologist. He was mainly interested in the biological influences on how we come to know. He believed that what distinguishes human beings from other animals is our ability to do abstract symbolic reasoning. Piaget s views are often compared with tho se of LevRead MoreExplain the Constructivist Theory of Guidance1396 Words   |  6 Pages2-28-2012 Explaining Guidance Theories: Developmental, Behavioral, Constructivist. Question: Explain Constructivist theory of guidance. ____________________________________________________________________________ Constructivism is rooted from philosophy just like sociology, ethnography and cognitive psychology. Already in the eighteenth century, the German philosopher Kant believed that a child’s learning was an interaction between the developing child and the environment. He believedRead MoreAccomplishments of Jean Piget: Genetic Epistomology1254 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget was one of the most influential theorist of the 20th Century. A constructivist, he was born in Switzerland in 1896, he published his first paper at the age of 10 on an Albino Sparrow. At the age of 16 he was offered a position as curator of a museum but had to turn down as he was still at school. Piaget went on to University and studied Biology, Psychology and Philosophy and rather than choose one he combined all three into a new discipline which he called â€Å"genetic epistemology†, meaningRead More Constructivism in the classroom Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pages Constructivism represents a paradigm shift form education based on cognitive theories. This concept assumes that learners construct their own knowledge on the basis of interaction with their environment. (Gagnon amp; Collay, 200?) The role of the teacher as a constructor of the learning experience to ensure authentic curriculum and assessment which is responsive to the skills, needs and experiences of the learner, within established curriculum framework and with the reference to the achievementRead MorePiaget Vs Vygotsky : Piaget And Vygotsky1314 Words   |  6 PagesCompare Two Famous Educators: Piaget vs. Vygotsky Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are often considered the most influential cognitive development and learning psychologists of the 20th century. Their research efforts have inspired numerous interpretations and spawned new outlets of approaching developmental psychology. The following paragraphs will analyze the theories of Piaget of Vygotsky and discuss how their research can be used to advance the use of cognitive development in learning, both traditionalRead More Developmental Psychology Theoretical Approaches Essay761 Words   |  4 Pages Overview Four theoretical approaches to cognitive development Piaget’s theory Information processing theories Core knowledge theories Sociocultural theories (Vygotsky) General Themes Nature and nurture Continuity vs. discontinuity Active vs passive child Nurture (environment, learning) John Locke (1632-1704) –Infant’s mind as â€Å"tabula rasa† Behaviorism (e.g. Watson, Skinner) Nurture (environment, learning) A childs mind is a blankRead MoreApplying Learning Theories3548 Words   |  15 PagesThus, objectivism saw knowledge as a representation of a real world that is thought of as existing, separate and independent of the knower; and this knowledge should be considered true only if it reflects that independent world. In contrast, the constructivist view argues that knowledge and reality do not have an objective or absolute value or, at the least, that there is no way of knowing this reality. John Watsons 1913 Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It proposed abandoning Instrospectionist attemptsRead MoreThe views of Piaget and Gesell on how development occurs1430 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced child development as did the work of Jean Piaget and Arnold Gesell. Although they stand at opposite poles, both have recorded facts useful to parents and professionals alike. This paper presents the highlights of their theories and focuses on their major differences. The views of Piaget and Gesell on how development occursIntroductionIn Psychology, very few theorists have impacted and influenced child development as did the work of Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and Arnold Gesell (1880-1961). AlthoughRead MoreThe Theory Of Language For Children With Language Impairments, And The Zone Of Proximal Development Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesfield. In truth, assessment strategies and therapies are constantly being improved because of the influences of Swiss biologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) and Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), who developed theories of cognitive development among children. While these theories are similar in some ways, they also have key differences, such as the fact that Piaget thought children developed through stages, whereas Vygotsky stressed a more continuous and social process. Piaget’s key findings

How to Use the Rack Application in Ruby

In the previous article, you learned what Rack is. Now, it’s time to start using Rack and serve up some pages. Hello World First, let’s start with a â€Å"Hello world† application. This application will, no matter what type of request it’s given, return ​with a status code of 200 (which is HTTP-speak for â€Å"OK†) and the string †Hello world† as the body. Before examining the following code, consider again the requirements that any Rack application must meet. A Rack application is any Ruby object that responds to the call method, takes a single hash parameter and returns an array containing the response status code, HTTP response headers and the response body as an array of strings. class HelloWorlddef call(env)return [200, {}, [Hello world!]]endend As you can see, an object of the type HelloWorld will meet all of these requirements. It does so in a very minimal and not terribly useful way, but it does meet all of the requirements. WEBrick That’s pretty simple, now let’s plug it into WEBrick (the HTTP server that comes with Ruby). To do this, we use the Rack::Handler::WEBrick.run method, pass it an instance of HelloWorld and the port to run on. A WEBrick server will now be running, and Rack will be passing requests between the HTTP server and your application. Note, this isn’t an ideal way to launch things with Rack. Its only shown here to get something running before diving into another feature of Rack called Rackup, which is shown below. Using Rack::Handler in this way has a few problems. First, it’s not very configurable. Everything is hard-coded into the script. Second, as you’ll notice if you run the following script, you can’t kill the program. It won’t respond to Ctrl-C. If you run this command, simply close the terminal window and open a new one. #!/usr/bin/env rubyrequire rackclass HelloWorlddef call(env)return [200, {}, [Hello world!]]endendRack::Handler::WEBrick.run(HelloWorld.new,:Port 9000) Rackup While this is quite easy to do, it isn’t how Rack is normally used. Rack is normally used with a tool called rackup. Rackup does more or less what was in the bottom section of the code above, but in a more usable way. Rackup is run from the command-line, and is given a .ru â€Å"Rackup file.† This is just a Ruby script that, among other things, feeds an application to Rackup. A very basic Rackup file for the above would look something like this. class HelloWorlddef call(env)return [200,{Content-Type text/html},[Hello world!]]endendrun HelloWorld.new First, we had to make one tiny change to the HelloWorld class. Rackup is running a middleware app called Rack::Lint that sanity-checks responses. All HTTP responses should have a Content-Type header, so that was added. Then, the last line just creates an instance of the app and passes it to the run method. Ideally, your application shouldn’t be written entirely within the Rackup file, this file should require your application into it and create an instance of it that way. The Rackup file is just â€Å"glue,† no real application code should be there. If you run the command rackup helloworld.ru, it’ll start a server on port 9292. This is the default Rackup port. Rackup has some more useful features. First, things like the port can be changed on the command line, or in a special line in the script. On the command-line, simply pass in a -p port parameter. For example: rackup -p 1337 helloworld.ru. From the script itself, if the first line starts with #\, then it’s parsed just like the command line. So you can define options here as well. If you wanted to run on port 1337, the first line of the Rackup file could read #\ -p 1337.

Analysis Of Because I Could Not Stop For Death - 963 Words

â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† and â€Å"The Bustle in a House† are two poems by Emily Dickinson that portray death in very different ways. â€Å" Because I Could Not Stop For Death† is written from the perspective of a woman who has recently died about her eternal journey with a kind Death. â€Å"The Bustle in a House,† on the other hand, is about how one reacts to the death of a loved one. Through these two poems, Dickinson employs literary devices such as personification and metaphor to portray two different perspectives of death. In â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† Dickinson uses personification to create a kind, gentle side of Death from the perspective of the deceased. For the speaker, the arrival of Death is treated like the arrival†¦show more content†¦In â€Å"The Bustle in a House,† Dickinson implies that death is a cold, unforgiving being as portrayed through the eyes of a loved one of the deceased. This poem shows how one reacts to the death of a loved one. While â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death† showed death as a positive and comfortable event, â€Å"The Bustle in a House† shows the opposite. For the loved ones of one who has died, their world has been destroyed as they are swept away into a wave of grief. Without explicitly describing it, this poem implies that death is cruel and unforgiving. For many, the death of a loved one is a heartbreaking event, forcing many to have to â€Å"pick up the pieces† and clean up the emotional damage left behind. Dickinson perfectly expresses this through the lines â€Å"The Sweeping up the Heart/And putting Love away,† (The Bustle in a House 5-6) which implies that one is trying to cope with their emotions by â€Å"bottling them up† and â€Å"pushing them out of sight. Through this poem, Dickinson describes the effect death has on people who were close to the deceased. In â€Å"The Bustle in a House,† Dickinson uses the â€Å"house† as a metaphorical residence, rather than a literal home. This â€Å"house† has the ability to represent a myriad of items. The first is that Dickinson is using a synecdoche to make the word â€Å"house† represent a household or a family. This would make sense because DickinsonShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Because I Could Not Stop for Death2013 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of Because I Could Not Stop for Death The poets of the nineteenth century wrote on a variety of topics. One often used topic is that of death. The theme of death has been approached in many different ways. Emily Dickinson is one of the numerous poets who uses death as the subject of several of her poems. In her poem Because I Could Not Stop for Death, death is portrayed as a gentleman who comes to give the speaker a ride to eternity. Throughout the poem, Dickinson develops herRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death ``870 Words   |  4 PagesThemes of death all ring loud and clear in Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death†, Donne’s â€Å"Death, be not proud†, and Cherry’s â€Å"Alzheimer’s†. The poems are not explicitly about the act of dying, but death is personified or even foreshadowed in the work. Each piece has a different tone when referencing Death. Two of the poems reference Death by name, the last poem doesn’t specifically speak about dying or death per se, but based on the title, â€Å"Alzheimer’s†, it is clear that death is imminentRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop for Death Analysis Essay1972 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death† Analysis The poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop For Death,† by Emily Dickinson presents captivating themes on the cycle of life, time, and death. The first two lines, â€Å"Because I could not stop for death - / He kindly stopped for me – â€Å" (Dickinson 679; Stanza 1, Line 1 2), capture the poem’s central theme, but the interpretations of that theme vary widely. This variation would have to do with how one would interpret Death. The three variedRead MoreBecause I Could Not Stop For Death Literary Analysis918 Words   |  4 Pagesand a positive subject, death, on the other hand, has numerous definitions between each person. Some people consider death to be morbid, horrifying, and a negative thing, whereas others celebrate death and believe that their soul will live forever. Each of the countless observations of life and death are portrayed in diverse types of literature. One contributor and writer of such literature includes Emily Dickinson. In her poems â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† and â€Å"I Felt a Funeral in My Brain†Read MoreAnalysis of Because I Could Not Stop for Death Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pageswhere regular themes include death and mortality. One such poem that exemplifies her â€Å"dark side† is, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death†. In this piece, Dickinson tells the story of a soul’s transition into the afterlife showing t hat time and death have outright power over our lives and can make what was once significant become meaningless. While we now know this poem as â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death†, it was originally an untitled piece. After Dickinson’s death, her younger sister LaviniaRead More Analysis of Emily Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop for Death803 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Emily Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop for Death In regard to Emily Dickinson’s poem, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death,† Critic Eunice Glenn says: â€Å"In the first two lines Death, personified as a carriage driver, stops for one who could not stop for him. The word ‘kindly’ is particularly meaningful, for it instantly characterizes Death. This comes with surprise, too, since death is more often considered grim and terrible† (Glenn). Critic Charles R. Anderson says, â€Å"DeathRead More Analysis of Emily Dickinsons Poem, Because I could not stop for Death693 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Emily Dickinsons Poem, Because I could not stop for Death The poem Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson expresses the speakers reflection on death. The poem focuses on the concept of life after death. This poems setting mirrors the circumstances by which death approaches, and death appears kind and compassionate. It is through the promise of immortality that fear is removed, and death not only becomes acceptable, but welcomed as well. As human beings,Read More An Analysis of Emily Dickinsons Poem, Because I Could Not Stop for Death626 Words   |  3 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson refers to death as a gentlemen who unexpectedly visits Dickinson to take her on a journey â€Å"towards eternity† (I. 24). It is very ironic that she considers death as a gentleman, but as we all know it is the total opposite. On the second stanza they both start the slow and peaceful journey. â€Å"We slowly drove, he knew no haste† (I. 5). We can see the tranquility of the scene in which they are. Dickinson here understands the seriousnessRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Death And Dying By Matthew Arnold And Because I Could Not Stop For Death977 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article â€Å"Death and Dying in Literature,† John Skelton stated, â€Å"One of the central tasks of literature is to impose a structure on life and death, giving meaning to both† ( n.p.). Many literary works, including poems, focus on death in one way or another. This is true for â€Å"Dover Beach† by Matthew Arnold and â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson. â€Å"Dover Beach† and â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† provide varying perspectives on the topic of death. In â€Å"Dover Beach,† ArnoldRead More Analysis of I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died and Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson593 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died and Because I Could Not Stop for Death by Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson wrote many poems in her lifetime. She writes two of my favorite poems. They are: ?I heard a Fly buzz when I died? and ?Because I could not stop for Death?. They both have similarities and differences from each other. There are similarities in these two poems such as the theme and the observentness of the narrator. Both of the poems themes involve death. In ?I heard

Counterintelligence Policies Free Essays

One of threatening crime these days in the U. S. is terrorism like the 9/11 tragedy and other similar terrorism attacks. We will write a custom essay sample on Counterintelligence Policies or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reason is obvious that such attacks turn out to be suddenly happened that scare most people to go into public venues like malls, office buildings, bus or railway stations, and other places of interests. Prior to 9/11 tragedy, the U. S. experienced impressive economy growth in terms of GDP in which, according to CIA Factbook, â€Å"before 2001 the country became the largest and the most powerful economy in the world with a per capita GDP of $36,200† (†CIA Factbook 2001†). However, the situation turned upside down when terrorists attacked the Pentagon and Two Buildings of World Trade Center in September 2001. It turned out that the 9/11 brought the country’s economy to experience a great suffer since some industries experienced great losses and slow growth afterwards. In order to prevent such huge loses in the future; U. S. government takes some necessary actions in both foreign and domestic policy especially regarding the home country defense initiatives (counterintelligence) to protect U. S. citizen from foreign espionages that threatens the U. S. nation security, which also impacts the country economy. Concerning the counterintelligence issues that the U. S. faces, therefore, the thesis statement for this paper is â€Å"As foreign intelligence action becomes threats to the U. S. national security, what goals and policies that U. S. counterintelligence has within the past six decades and in the future and what factors in the counterintelligence initiatives that need fixing to improve future successes in counterintelligence† 2. Counterintelligences in the U. S. 2. 1 History and Recent Cases of Counterintelligence in the U. S. A great power is the result of the great pressure. This condition highlights the roadmap of the U. S. counterintelligence initiatives within the past six decades. To date, United States is still perceived as the most powerful nation on the earth that suggests many actions threat the country to challenge their defense system. Due to the current position as a super power country, such actions to the country’s land will take months or even years of preparation since the attackers must have reliable information about the country’s defense before prior to execute it. Since any attacks to the country take some times by sending the intelligence, therefore, the country has to have the capability to counteract any intelligence performed by country’s counterparts by securing vital information about their national security plans. One of action to secure it is through counterintelligence. Historically, counterintelligence started several decades ago when John Jay became the first coordinated a national level of counterintelligence efforts. At that time, the goal of committing the counterintelligence is to lead a legislative committee to investigate a plot to sabotage defense and infrastructure targets in New York. In his investigations, Jay employs at least 10 agents; a few of the famous ones are Nathaniel Sackett, Elijah Hunter and Enoch Crosby. All of his agents were operating under enormous pressure. Some were undercover; being unmasked meant death to all of them (Rose P. K. , 1999). Enoch Crosby is the best secret agent that John Jay has. He uses various names and identity to retrieve information about the pro-British’s activities. After he get â€Å"to famous† for his work in one place, he was assign to another area, joining another pro-British Colony (Rose, 1999). In addition, one of recent cases in counterintelligence was on the arrests of two Chinese, Fei Ye and Ming Zhong, who found guilty for their actions of committing economic espionage, highlights the importance to conduct counterintelligence to secure the U. S. critical resources including trade secrets. The cases occurred when they found to bring the stolen trade secret in their luggage in San Francisco International Airport in November 2001. According to their statement, they intend to take the trade secrets of two well-known IT companies in the U. S. -Sun Microsystems, Inc. and Transmeta Corporation- to support and profit the development of the respective industry in China (Department of Justice, 2006). Similarly, the case of 9/11 attack also highlights that the country experiences information leaks about sensitive defense material that let the tragedy happens. Other leaks of information might cause another threats to America in the future. Here is where American Counterintelligence takes a vital role. American Counterintelligence has found that leaks of information have often happened in the United States governmental and intelligence environments. It turned out; the history of Americans sold out their country goes back a very long way. How to cite Counterintelligence Policies, Papers

Management Accounting and Control Practices

Question: Discuss about the Management Accounting and Control Practices. Answer: Introduction: Accounting methods refers to the guideline and rules according to which the financial reports of the business are prepared. Based on the roles of the different accounting methods, it is differentiated into several categories of accounting system. Cost accounting system is one of such special accounting methods. This system assists the users in ascertaining the cost of the products accurately. It also helps the users in accurately calculating the gain percentage (Fullerton et al. 2013). Accounting methods, used by the business firms, can have a major impact on the revenue, reported by the business. It also influences the expense, which is subtracted from the revenue to arrive at the bottom line. The given case study depicts about the processing of the manufacturing firm, Parker Ltd. Parker Ltd manufactures and sells the pencils and pens in sets. The organization has received several offers from different clients for supplying the pen and pencils in set. Report discusses about the several, offers provided by the organization and its potentiality. Various techniques of cost accounting is implemented for evaluating the profit percentage and cost of the plans for Parker Ltd. Current net monthly profit calculation: Important factors, which help in evaluating the offers of the company includes conducting the detailed study of the structure of the current costs of the company. It also takes into consideration the net monthly profit of the company. The calculations, done below, present the net monthly profit along with the present cost of production: Calculation of Monthly Profit:- Particulars Unit Cost per Unit Total Amount A B=C/A C=AxB Monthly Sales Revenue C 10000 $7.50 $75,000 Manufacturing Costs: Direct Material 10000 $1.00 $10,000 Direct Labor 10000 $1.20 $12,000 Variable Overhead 10000 $0.80 $8,000 Fixed Overhead 10000 $1.00 $10,000 Total Manufacturing Costs D 10000 $4.00 $40,000 Marketing Costs: Variable Marketing Costs 10000 $1.50 $15,000 Fixed Marketing Costs 10000 $1.50 $15,000 Total Marketing Costs E 10000 $3.00 $30,000 Total Cost of Goods Sold F=D+E 10000 $7.00 $70,000 Monthly Net Profit G=C-F 10000 $0.50 $5,000 Educational Institution offers: The calculation for the net profit, depicted below, is done by assuming that Parker Ltd acknowledges the offer from the educational institution, which agreed for supplying the extra 2000 sets at $ 5.5: Calculation of Monthly Profit with Additional Order of 2000 Units:- Particulars Unit Cost per Unit Total Amount A B=C/A C=AxB Normal Monthly Sales D 10000 7.5 75000 Order from Educational Institution E 2000 5.5 11000 Monthly Sales Revenue F=D+E 12000 $7.17 86000 Manufacturing Costs: Direct Material 12000 $1.00 $12,000 Direct Labor 12000 $1.20 $14,400 Variable Overhead 12000 $0.80 $9,600 Cost of Logo Inscribtion 2000 $0.60 $1,200 Fixed Overhead 12000 $0.83 $10,000 Total Manufacturing Costs G 12000 $3.93 $47,200 Marketing Costs: Variable Marketing Costs 12000 $1.50 $18,000 Fixed Marketing Costs 12000 $1.25 $15,000 Total Marketing Costs H 12000 $2.75 $33,000 Total Cost of Goods Sold I=G+H 12000 $6.68 $80,200 Monthly Net Profit J=F-I 12000 $0.48 $5,800 It is depicted by the calculation, done above, that the net profit of the company will decrease by $ 0.02 per set if the firm accepts the offer from the educational institution. Therefore, it would not be viable for the company to accept the offer. However, the Parker Ltd. should consider factors other than profitability. It may include cost of production per set, cash flow and many other. Nonetheless, the expenses of the company regarding the sold products of each set can be reduced if the provided offer is accommodated. In addition to this, the offer would also generate higher profit and generating the high amount of cash inflow. Long-term government profitability: The net profit, depicted below, would be generated, when the contract form the long-term government would be obtained by the organization. The contract is to provide 5000 extra sets at the cost of $ 4.00 per set produced. Calculation of Monthly Profit with Additional Order of 5000 Units:- Particulars Unit Cost per Unit Total Amount A B=C/A C=AxB Normal Monthly Sales E 10000 $7.50 75000 Order from Educational Institution F 5000 $4.00 20000 Monthly Sales Revenue G=E+F 15000 $6.33 95000 Manufacturing Costs: Direct Material 15000 $1.00 $15,000 Direct Labor 15000 $1.20 $18,000 Variable Overhead 15000 $0.80 $12,000 Fixed Overhead 15000 $0.67 $10,000 Total Manufacturing Costs H 15000 $3.67 $55,000 Marketing Costs: Variable Marketing Costs 15000 $1.50 $22,500 Fixed Marketing Costs 15000 $1.00 $15,000 Total Marketing Costs I 15000 $2.50 $37,500 Total Cost of Goods Sold J=H+I 15000 $6.17 $92,500 Monthly Net Profit K=G-J 15000 $0.17 $2,500 Based on above calculation, the profit earned by the company by producing and selling each set would be $ 0.17 only. The total amount of profit generates comes to $ 2500. The amount of money received in advance by Parker Ltd stands at $ 4000. Hence, the offer should not be accepted due to lower amount of profit. However, in the event of cash shortage, this offer would be helpful to the company. Lower Pricing for the New Foreign Market: If the parker Ltd intends to penetrate the market, it should propose the sets at the lower rates to its foreign clients. The organization may opt for break-even point and may sell the sets at the selling price, calculated below: Calculation of Monthly Profit with Additional Order of 10000 Units:- Particulars Unit Cost per Unit Total Amount A B=C/A C=AxB Manufacturing Costs: Direct Material 20000 $1.00 $20,000 Direct Labor 20000 $1.20 $24,000 Variable Overhead 20000 $0.80 $16,000 Fixed Overhead 20000 $0.50 $10,000 Total Manufacturing Costs D 20000 $3.50 $70,000 Marketing Costs: Variable Marketing Costs 20000 $1.50 $30,000 Fixed Marketing Costs 20000 $0.75 $15,000 Total Marketing Costs E 20000 $2.25 $45,000 Total Cost of Goods Sold F=E+D 20000 $5.75 $115,000 Less: Sale in Domestic Market G 10000 $7.50 $75,000 Sale in Foreign Market H=F-G 10000 $4 $40,000 For some quantity of product, fixed cost may remain constant in the short run. On the other hand, in the long-run, the cost changes for the same level of production. Since the fixed cost are not identical, it is not possible to calculate the least cost in the long run. Therefore, it is required by the firm to shift the range of prices according to the changes in the fixed expenses. Since the firm would be experiencing the zero profit and zero loss situation, the new price for making selling in the long-run would be counted as smallest (Otley and Emmanuel 2013). Outside supplier profitability: The calculation below depicts the expected loss and gain arising from the acceptance of the offers by the external supplier. Calculation of Monthly Profit for Order from Outside Supplier:- Particulars Unit Cost per Unit Total Amount Sale to Outside Supplier 10000 $7.50 $75,000 Monthly Sales Revenue 10000 $7.50 $75,000 Costs of Purchase: Purchase from Outside Supplier 10000 $4.20 $42,000 Fixed Overhead 10000 $0.70 $7,000 Total Manufacturing Costs 10000 $4.90 $49,000 Marketing Costs: Variable Marketing Costs 10000 $1.10 $11,000 Fixed Marketing Costs 10000 $1.50 $15,000 Total Marketing Costs 10000 $2.60 $26,000 Total Cost of Goods Sold 10000 $7.50 $75,000 Monthly Net Profit 10000 $0.00 $0 The offer cannot generate any profit for the high cost of goods sold, per unit. Therefore, the firm should not accept this offer. Outside supplier profitability with the Rental plan: The calculation, below, depicts the net loss or profit of the firm, which results from serving its assets for generating rent and purchasing the sets from outside supplier: Calculation of Monthly Profit for Order from Outside Supplier Rent:- Particulars Unit Cost per Unit Total Amount Sale to Outside Supplier 10000 $7.50 $75,000 Rent from Building Car Parking $5,500 Monthly Sales Revenue 10000 $8.05 $80,500 Costs of Purchase: Purchase from Outside Supplier 10000 $4.20 $42,000 Fixed Overhead 10000 $0.70 $7,000 Total Manufacturing Costs 10000 $4.90 $49,000 Marketing Costs: Variable Marketing Costs 10000 $1.10 $11,000 Fixed Marketing Costs 10000 $1.50 $15,000 Total Marketing Costs 10000 $2.60 $26,000 Total Cost of Goods Sold 10000 $7.50 $75,000 Monthly Net Profit 10000 $0.55 $5,500 It can be stated from the above table that Parker Ltd. can gain higher profit than the current profit margin, if it accepts the offer from outside supplier and uses its facilities to earn rental income. Hence, Parket Ltd. should implement this plan. Conclusion: From the above analysis, it is concluded that the first offer present the higher profit concerning the present market strategy than the other offers of the company. Therefore, the firm should consider the recent policy of marketing. Nonetheless, the firm can acknowledge the offer by the educational institute. To penetrate in the foreign market, the profit percentage for the short term should be sacrificed by the organization. It may also purchase the sets from the outside supplier along with renting its building and car parking lot instead of manufacturing the sets. Reference and Bibliography: Fullerton, R.R., Kennedy, F.A. and Widener, S.K., 2013. Management accounting and control practices in a lean manufacturing environment.Accounting, Organizations and Society,38(1), pp.50-71. Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013.Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Otley, D. and Emmanuel, K.M.C., 2013.Readings in accounting for management control. Springer. Yee, C.M. and Khin, E.W.S., 2015. Positivist Research and its Influence in Management Accounting Research.Journal of Accounting Perspectives,3(1).

Thinking without thinking

Question: Analyse the Report for Decision-Making and Risk Analysis of Thinking without Thinking. Answer: Introduction This study deals with book named as Blink: The Power of Thinking without Thinking (Gladwell 2012). This is the second book written by Malcolm Gladwell in the year 2005. It is widely presented in a popular science format research especially from psychology as well as behavioral economics based upon adaptive unconscious (Beatty 2012). The mental process works on rapid mode as well as automatically on relative little information at the same time. It includes both strengths of various adaptive unconscious in case of expert judgment as well as pitfalls like stereotypes at the same time. This particular begins with story line of Getty Kouros. This was a statute brought in by Paul Getty Museum in California. Most of the experts are of the opinion in looking for initial responses that is skeptical in nature. Letter tracing turns history as well as references postal codes and bank accounts for existing ways for future analysis purpose. Experts were unsure of the fact relating authenticity of Kouros (Kourdi 2011). T requires limited knowledge in case of Greek sculpture for specified period in committing mistakes. Ekman claims in facing rich source for making facial expressions on volunteer basis. It dictates involuntary system in automatic expression of personal emotions. In this particular book, it is easy to understand the fact that understanding intelligence as well as intuition proves important as far as possible. Gladwell mainly speaks regarding importance of holism in case of unconscious intelligence for taking care of the situation for future analysis purpose. Addition to that, he stresses on matters relating to unconscious intelligence relying upon finding simple underlying patterns in an effective way. It determines certain interacting factor in case of holism consistency as far as underlying signatures is considered (Moore 2011). In most of the vital situations, holism as well as simple underlying signatures pulls out ways in various directions in the near futu re. The Statue that dint look right Summarize the key concepts or point of author Gladwell introduction to Blink indicates presentation of example of J.Paul Getty Museum purchase of statute. It turns out to be forgery in the near future. Getty approached by art dealer in the year 1983 who actually claimed in and for sixth century BC Greek Statue for sale purpose (Zaleski 2011). In the initial first two seconds, it is easy to understand the fact regarding essence of statute in comparison with team at Getty in understanding ways for fourteen months. Blink is one of those books in first two seconds in the most appropriate way. Gladwell introduces story of Kouros lie an ancient Greek sculpture of young naked male as acquired by J. Paul Getty Museum in the year 1983. It is important to understand the fact that Kouros is rare in nature. Resulted attributes shows that Kouros sells more than $10 billion. It is all because of the hefty price tag. Addition to that, Getty Museum was careful in testing ways for viewing at forgery Kouros. Just after fourteen months of detailed analysis, Getty determines ways that Kouros for real upbringing of Statute as far as possible (Bassett 2012). Discussion on each point whether it is interesting or wrong There is long time debate on the topic on Kouros and gathered some interesting fact at the same time. After all, it is noticed that Getty case began in falling apart largely that need urgent consideration for the same. It turns out to be gathering facts on documents used for proving statue authenticity for future analysis purpose (Gladwell and Ruiter 2012). Experts examines facts on statute in great detail as well as comes into realization that it can be used as hodgepodge styles in various places in specified time. In the present state, statute is considered as widely fake in nature. Identification of the purpose of the concept and affecting thinking process or behavior The main purpose of the above concept jumps into conclusion known as adaptive unconscious. Gladwell clarifies that adaptive unconsciousness is kind of computer that mainly quickly as well as quietly process in data for proper functioning of human beings in an overall manner. It mainly turns out as part of human beings from brain as and on regular basis (Malcolm 2012). The theory of thin slices- How little bit of knowledge goes long way Summarize the key concepts or point of author This affects the thinking process as well as reacts towards new pair of sneakers and interviewing a babysitter at the same time. It makes decision on quick basis under stress in case of suing adaptive unconscious (Cokins 2012). Discussion on each point whether it is interesting or wrong Most of the scholars are of the opinion that Kouros was real in nature. It is something about the statute that did not look right at any point of time. Thomas Hoving who was the former director of Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York viewed at the statute and called it as fresh. Angelos Delivorrias who was the director of Benaki Museum in Athens looks up the statute as wave of immediate disgust. Identification of the purpose of the concept and affecting thinking process or behavior Gladwell mainly argues that they need to accept mystery for certain snap judgments as well as pursue in possible ways. It needs ways for attaining respect for possible cause as well as better way in attaining the same attributes as far as possible. The Locked Door- The Secret life of snap decisions Summarize the key concepts or point of author According to author, continuous learning improves level of quality for making decisions in case of accepting mysterious nature of certain snap judgments. In the very beginning of the particular chapter, it is revealed by Gladwell that there is two wide facts regarding snap judgments (Croskerry 2012). These are as follows: It s basically quick in nature It is unconscious that needs proper consideration The above-mentioned characteristics are mostly confusing in nature and behavior pattern at the same time. It is because of the snap judgments that make conscious decisions in explaining hard time as well as forming tem for the same. Gladwell mainly involves in believing in viewing at the inability ways for rationalizing quick decision-making process. It is one of the important ways for acknowledging enormous power snap judgments as thin slices in other places for mysterious reasons in the most appropriate way. Gladwell commented that it was one of the problems with Getty Museum (Plessner, Betsch and Betsch 2011). He mainly explains ways that makes work of Getty in putting faith in scientists as well as lawyers in providing documented proof on theories. It involves experts who claim ways for including inexplicable gut feelings. Discussion on each point whether it is interesting or wrong Primed for Action In this particular section, Gladwell introduces ways termed as priming experiment. It is important to understand the fact that priming experiment uses certain subconscious techniques that affects physical actions for testing given group in action. For instance, scrambled word test for asking in rearranging words as provided in four-word sentence (Bargh and Williams 2012). Identification of the purpose of the concept and affecting thinking process or behavior This concept mainly highlights functioning of big computers working without using conscious knowledge. Gladwell mainly argues in understanding the fact for adaptive unconscious working in smooth functioning of required activities in an overall manner. Gladwell uses example of Ted Williams. He is one of the Major League baseball hitters. He was asked regarding his attainment of success and claims that watches ball while hitting by bat. Science does not agree with that statement by any chance (Blink 2012). It proves that resulting ball speed causes closeness at the time of five feet flight. It was confronted ways for gaining information by Williams in getting viable information in the most appropriate way. The Warren Harding Error- Why we fall for tall, dark and handsome men Summarize the key concepts or point of author In this particular chapter, it is taken rapid cognition on serious note. It mainly acknowledges incredible power for good as well as ill for first impressions playing in daily lives. It requires taking active steps for managing as well as controlling impressions at the same time. Gladwell mainly highlighted downsides in case of thin slicing. He especially uses Warren Harding who was 29th President of America. Warrren Harding was notoriously handsome man. He was never considered as a good politician though (Gladwell 2012). Therefore, Harding demeanor as well as physique and voice clearly portrayed aura base of powerful leadership falling in love. He was elected President as well as Gladwell argues based upon physical appearance. At the end, Harden became on e of the worst presidents as far as American history is concerned. Discussion on each point whether it is interesting or wrong It is interesting in discussing the point that Warren Harding considers as disadvantageous in thin slicing. There are facts about people appearance depending upon size as well as color triggering similar set of powerful associations in the most appropriate way (Hoan and Hoai 2015). Gladwell aims at believing in primed words as discussed in chapter 2 based upon physical appearance in an overall manner. In case of Warren Harding election, presidency proves valid point of Gladwell. People thought ways for Gladwell for making great leader, as he was well distinguished as well as handsome for the same. Identification of the purpose of the concept and affecting thinking process or behavior On critical analysis, it is noticed that unconscious may not always corresponds equally with certain beliefs like conscious values. Gladwell mainly highlights points on certain facts for using Implicit Association Test for an instance (Cox 2012). IAT test involves list of items that are rapidly place based upon subjects in two separate columns at the same time. Test taker asks in moving down as far as possible after listing certain things in proper ways. It puts checkmarks in column as well as corresponds against each word for the same. Most people test ways for bringing strong mental connections like Male and Career as well as Female and Family in an overall manner (Hwang and Yoon 2012). Why crucial decisions cannot be made in the blink of an eye Summarize the key concepts or point of author It is mainly outraged by downward spiral in case of intellect as well as culture in the near future. Michael offers other side of Malcolm Gladwell considers as bestselling phenomenon known as Blink. It is one of the theorized ways in case of best decision-making in case of impulse as well as factual knowledge based upon critical analysis at the same time (Plessner, Betsch and Betsch 2011). Discussion on each point whether it is interesting or wrong It is interesting in understanding the fact that bestselling books advises ways for thinking upon though process on argument by LeGault (Zsambok and Klein 2014). It comes special surprising ways that is sharp, incisive reasoning that becomes as a loss for art in everyday live for people in every part of the world. Identification of the purpose of the concept and affecting thinking process or behavior The main purpose considers as Age of Reason morphed in Age of Emotion at the same time. The systematic erosion costs time, money as well as jobs and lives in the 21st century in an overall manner (Pettigrew 2014). It leads ways for less fulfillment as well as growing dysfunction in the most appropriate way. LeGault mainly provides ways for keeping it bold, controversial as well as objective analysis on certain causes as well as solutions. It should make ways in solving biggest problems faced in Western culture in the present scenario (Plessner, Betsch and Betsch 2011). From most of the overloaded reality TV shows as well as gossip magazines, it renders level of curiosity in mind as well as spirit. It obsoletes permissive parenting as well as low standard caused by an academic crisis in and among children. LeGault views at other aspects of lives as well as points that is going wrong at the same time (Hwang and Masud 2012). Blink in black and white Summarize the key concepts or point of author Malcolm Gladwell book known as Blink provides certain anecdotal account on matters relating to splitting second decisions in the given process in action. Gladwell takes it as rapid cognition as well as thin slicing for future analysis purpose. Gladwell aims at distinguishing ways for types from rapid cognition different from intuition that claims emotional terms in distinct rational process in the most appropriate way (Hwang and Yoon 2012). It is one of the thinking processes especially for simple movers as well as little faster in case of ordinary conscious and deliberative decision-making process. Discussion on each point whether it is interesting or wrong One of the most interesting part in the books deals from the first impressions in and about race as well as happening relating at subconscious level. In the chapter, Gladwell explains on The Warren Harding Error and conducts IAT test at the same time (Plessner, Betsch and Betsch 2011). This test helps in measuring person attitude at unconscious level as well as immediate automatic associations at the same time. Identification of the purpose of the concept and affecting thinking process or behavior The main purpose was to bring out personal attitude taken place towards race as well as gender operation at two different levels. First level is the conscious level. People select the way for future analysis purpose. IAT measures attitude towards attainment towards racism on unconscious level. It depends upon automatic associations in tumbling out deliberate selection of unconscious attitudes in the near future (Hwang and Yoon 2012). Conclusion From the above chapter by Gladwell, it is easy to gather interesting fact regarding the book Blink. Gladwell mentioned information that mainly interfere accurate judgment or doctor diagnosis at the same time. Gladwell mainly contends as age information overloaded as well as finds experts in making better decisions in case of snap judgments depending upon the volume analysis in the most appropriate way. It is known as Analysis paralysis. It is challenging way in shifting focus from certain critical information in an overall manner. It requires collecting information from case like reinforcement of judgment values for measuring the accuracy as far as possible. Gladwell aims at explaining better judgment for execution of simple and fragile information for future analysis purpose. This particular book under study argues in case of making intuitive judgment in developing experience as well as training and knowledge for the same. Gladwell claims ways for prejudicing as well as operating at an intuitive unconscious level in case of conscious attitudes. It is perfect example of halo effect. It is the condition whereby people possess salient positive quality in relation with superior as well as unrelated aspects. He uses 1999 killing of Amadou Diallo. It depends upon rapid as well as intuitive judgment in case of possessing disastrous effects. Reference List Bargh, J.A. and Williams, E.L., (2012). The automaticity of social life.Current directions in psychological science,15(1), pp.1-4. Bassett, R.L., (2012). Blink, the Power of Thinking without Thinking.Journal of Psychology and Christianity,25(4), p.361. Beatty, A. (2012).Country-level decision making for control of chronic diseases. Blink, G.M., (2012). The power of thinking without thinking.New York, NY: Little, Brown, and Co. Cokins, G., (2012).Activity-based cost management: making it work. Chicago: Irwin. Cox, L.A.T., (2012). Confronting deep uncertainties in risk analysis.Risk Analysis,32(10), pp.1607-1629. Croskerry, P., (2012). Critical thinking and decisionmaking: avoiding the perils of thin-slicing.Annals of emergency medicine,48(6), pp.720-722. Gladwell, M. and Ruiter, M.E., (2012). Blink: The power of thinking without thinking.Gedragstherapie,41(2), p.199. Gladwell, M., (2012).Blink: The Power of Thinking Without [thinking]. CNIB. Gladwell, M., (2012) Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking (New York: Little Brown, (2012).This text will be cited as BPT in the text for all subsequent references. Hoan, N.C. and Hoai, T., (2015). Two Vietnamese Stories.Asian Literature and Translation: A Journal of Religion and Culture,3(1). Hwang, C.L. and Masud, A.S.M., (2012).Multiple objective decision makingmethods and applications: a state-of-the-art survey(Vol. 164). Springer Science Business Media. Hwang, C.L. and Yoon, K., (2012).Multiple attribute decision making: methods and applications a state-of-the-art survey(Vol. 186). Springer Science Business Media. Kourdi, J. (2011).Effective decision making. London: Marshall Cavendish Business. Malcolm, G., (2012). Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking.Little Brown Company,13. Moore, D. (2011).Managerial decision making. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Pettigrew, A.M., (2014).The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Plessner, H., Betsch, C. and Betsch, T. eds., (2011).Intuition in judgment and decision making. Psychology Press. Zaleski, J. (2011).Medical device data and modeling for clinical decision making. Boston: Artech House. Zsambok, C.E. and Klein, G., (2014).Naturalistic decision making. Psychology Press.